132 parenting questions with no right answer

No outcome evidence picks a winner. Preference, culture, money and logistics decide.

In short

Of the 281 parenting decisions in Raising Your Child, 132 (47%) carry the label “Your call”. The label is our reading of official guidance and published research for each decision. See the full breakdown.

How we decide together

  • Family-of-origin reflection

    Looking back at how each of you was raised and deciding which parts you want to repeat and which you want to do differently.

    4 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Major versus day-to-day decision rights

    Which parenting decisions need both of you to agree (big ones like medical care or schools) and which can be made by whichever parent is on duty (what to wear, snack, nap).

    4 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Tie-breaking when we disagree

    What you will do when you each want something different and neither will budge.

    5 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Feedback on each other's parenting

    How you will tell each other what is working and what is not: in the moment, privately later, or on a regular check-in.

    4 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Default source of guidance

    Who or what you each trust when advice conflicts: your pediatrician, the official guidelines, a researcher or book, or your own judgment.

    4 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Information symmetry

    Making sure both of you have the same information: appointments, portal logins, contacts, schedules.

    3 options · Your call · Around the birth

  • Revisiting agreements

    How you will keep your decisions current as your child grows, whether that means a set check-in, a review at each age, or only when something goes wrong.

    4 options · Your call · Ongoing

Parenting philosophy and goals

  • Structure versus child-led

    How much of the day runs on adult-set schedules and rules versus following the child's own rhythms and interests.

    3 options · Your call · 0–6 months

  • Top-priority value

    The one value you would put first if you had to choose: kindness, achievement, happiness, independence, or obedience and respect.

    5 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Adult-centred or child-centred home

    Whether your child fits into an adult-run household or the household is organized around the child's needs and schedule.

    3 options · Your call · 0–6 months

Roles, work and the couple

  • Partnership model

    How you divide work and care overall: one parent earning and one caring, a lead and a supporting parent, both working with outside help, or sharing equally.

    5 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Who scales back at work

    Which of you will reduce hours, step back or change jobs to make family life work, and by what rule: lower earner, more flexible job, both a little, or neither.

    5 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Parental leave length

    How much time off you will each take around the birth or adoption, from a few weeks up to leaving work.

    5 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Night duty

    Who gets up with the baby overnight, to feed, change and settle, and whether you split it, alternate nights or share it.

    5 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Mental load and task ownership

    Who notices, plans and remembers everything a child needs (appointments, clothes, forms, supplies), not just who does the tasks.

    4 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Default parent for sick days, school and doctor

    Which of you is called when your child is sick, needs to be picked up or has an appointment, and whether that is fixed, alternates or follows who has the more flexible day.

    4 options · Your call · 6–12 months

  • Each parent's own time and identity

    How each of you keeps time for friends, hobbies, exercise or simply being alone, and whether that time is protected, requested, or put on hold.

    4 options · Your call · Around the birth

  • When one parent travels or works long hours

    How you will handle the stretches when one of you is away or working late: whether the home parent keeps their own rules, routines stay the same, backup is arranged, or the other parent makes up time later.

    4 options · Your call · 6–12 months

Pregnancy, birth and arrival

  • Prenatal genetic and carrier screening

    Prenatal screening uses blood tests and ultrasound to estimate the chance of conditions such as Down syndrome; carrier screening checks whether you carry genes for inherited conditions; diagnostic tests (CVS and amniocentesis) take a sample for a definite answer.

    5 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Pain management and preparation method

    How you plan to handle labor pain, from a planned epidural to preparing for an unmedicated birth with a method such as Lamaze, Bradley or hypnobirthing.

    4 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Cesarean on request

    A cesarean is a surgical birth through the abdomen.

    3 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Placenta

    What happens to the placenta after birth: disposed of by the hospital, kept (for burial or as a keepsake), or prepared for consumption.

    3 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Finding out the sex

    Whether to learn your baby's sex before birth, and if so when and whom you tell.

    4 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Announcing the pregnancy and the birth

    When and how you tell people about the pregnancy and the baby, and whether you share on social media.

    4 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Naming and surname

    How you will choose your baby's name and last name: one parent's surname, hyphenated, both, or a new one, and whether the given name honors someone.

    6 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Visitors and the first weeks

    Who comes to see the baby in the first weeks and on what terms, from an open door to no visitors for a set period, and any ground rules such as hand-washing.

    4 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Postpartum support model

    What help you will have after the birth: just the two of you, family, or paid help during the day or overnight.

    4 options · Your call · During pregnancy

Newborn medical choices

  • Choosing the child's doctor

    Who will be your child's regular doctor: a pediatrician, a family doctor or a nurse practitioner, and what matters to you in choosing one.

    3 options · Your call · During pregnancy

Feeding the baby

  • Pumping, bottles and donor milk

    Whether you will express breast milk, when you will introduce a bottle, and whether you would ever use donor milk from a milk bank or another person.

    7 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Breastfeeding duration and night weaning

    How long you hope to breastfeed and whether and when to stop night feeds.

    4 options · Your call · 6–12 months

  • How to start solids

    Whether the first foods are spoon-fed purees, finger foods the baby picks up and feeds themselves (called baby-led weaning), or a mix of both.

    4 options · Your call · 0–6 months

  • Homemade or commercial baby food

    Whether you make your baby's food yourself, buy jars and pouches, or use some of each.

    3 options · Your call · 0–6 months

Sleep

  • Bassinet or crib

    What your baby sleeps in at first: a bedside bassinet, a crib from day one, or a portable play yard.

    3 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Sleep training

    Whether and how to teach your baby to fall asleep and stay asleep on their own.

    6 options · Your call · 0–6 months

  • Where children sleep after infancy

    Where your child sleeps once they are past infancy: their own room, a room shared with a sibling, or your bed, and whether they may come into yours at night.

    4 options · Your call · Toddler

Everyday baby care

  • Diapering

    Whether you use disposable diapers, cloth, or a mix, and whether you would try elimination communication, where you watch for the baby's cues and offer a potty instead of a diaper.

    5 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Babywearing, strollers and contact naps

    How you carry your baby: in a carrier or wrap, in a stroller, or a mix, and whether you let the baby nap on you instead of in a crib.

    3 options · Your call · Around the birth

  • Baby gear

    How much equipment you buy, and whether you go minimal or fully equipped, new or second-hand.

    3 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Baby sign language

    Whether you teach your baby simple hand signs for things like milk or more before they can talk.

    3 options · Your call · 6–12 months

Discipline and behavior

  • Authority: obedience or negotiation

    How much children are expected to simply obey versus how much rules are explained, chosen or negotiated with them.

    5 options · Your call · Toddler

  • Who disciplines

    Whether one parent is the disciplinarian, whoever is present handles it, or each parent does it in their own way.

    3 options · Your call · Toddler

  • Apologies

    Whether you require a child to say sorry on the spot, coach them to, model it, or leave it to them.

    4 options · Your call · Preschool

  • Sharing and toy-taking

    How you handle disputes over toys: requiring sharing on request, setting timed turns, letting a child keep a toy until done, or staying out of it.

    4 options · Your call · Toddler

  • Discipline in public

    How you handle misbehavior in shops, restaurants and at other people's houses: same rules, removing the child, doing what gets you through, or avoiding hard situations.

    4 options · Your call · Toddler

  • Backtalk

    How you respond when a child answers back or speaks disrespectfully: zero tolerance, correcting the tone, or letting some of it go.

    3 options · Your call · School age

  • Discipline for teens

    How consequences change for older children: grounding, agreed consequences, contracts, natural consequences or mostly trust.

    5 options · Your call · Teen

Emotions and resilience

  • Seeking mental-health help for the child

    When you would involve a professional about your child's emotions or behavior: at early signs, after the pediatrician, or only if serious.

    3 options · Your call · School age

Food and eating

  • Snacking structure

    Whether eating happens at set meal and snack times, on demand all day, or with no snacks at all.

    3 options · Your call · Toddler

  • Organic

    Whether you buy organic food for your family, all of it, selectively, or not at all.

    3 options · Your call · 6–12 months

  • Family meals

    Whether and how often the family eats together, and whether screens are allowed at the table.

    4 options · Your call · Toddler

  • Food away from home

    Whether the same rules apply at restaurants, parties and relatives' homes, or whether they relax.

    3 options · Your call · Toddler

Health, body and toileting

  • Complementary and alternative medicine

    Whether you use treatments outside conventional medicine, such as herbal remedies, homeopathy or acupuncture, and how that fits with your pediatrician.

    3 options · Your call · 6–12 months

  • Toilet-training approach

    Potty training, also called toilet training or toilet learning, is teaching a child to pee and poo in a potty or toilet instead of a diaper.

    5 options · Your call · Toddler

  • Nudity and privacy at home

    How relaxed the household is about being undressed in front of children, and how body privacy changes as they grow.

    3 options · Your call · Toddler

  • Hygiene autonomy

    When children take over washing and personal care themselves, and how much you supervise.

    3 options · Your call · School age

  • Elective procedures (orthodontic, cosmetic, ear piercing)

    Which non-essential medical or cosmetic procedures you would allow for a child, such as braces for looks, cosmetic work or ear piercing.

    3 options · Your call · School age

Safety, risk and independence

  • Baby-proofing

    How thoroughly you childproof the home: gates, locks and anchors everywhere, only the most dangerous hazards, or minimal changes with teaching and watching.

    3 options · Your call · 0–6 months

  • Independence milestones (playing outside, walking to school, home alone, transit)

    When your child is allowed to do things alone: play outside, walk to school, stay home, take public transport.

    4 options · Your call · School age

  • Sleepovers

    Whether your child sleeps at other people's homes, and under what conditions.

    4 options · Your call · School age

  • Parents' own conduct while in charge

    What you each agree to do or avoid while responsible for your child, such as drinking alcohol or using drugs.

    3 options · Your call · Around the birth

Childcare and early learning

  • Who provides care in the first years

    Who looks after your child during the day in the early years: a parent at home, both parents working with paid care, or family helping.

    5 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Type of non-parental care

    What kind of care you would use: a daycare center, a home daycare, a nanny, a shared nanny or an au pair.

    7 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Babysitters and who may care for the child

    Who may look after your child when you are out, and how soon you start, from regular sitters to family only.

    4 options · Your call · 0–6 months

  • Overnights away from the baby

    When your baby first spends a night away from you, for example with grandparents.

    4 options · Your call · 6–12 months

  • Preschool philosophy

    Preschools follow different teaching philosophies.

    7 options · Your call · Toddler

  • Baby and toddler classes

    Whether you enroll your baby or toddler in classes such as music, gym or early learning, and how many.

    4 options · Your call · 0–6 months

School and academics

  • School sector

    What kind of school you choose: neighborhood public, public school of choice, charter, or private.

    4 options · Your call · Preschool

  • Language of instruction

    Which language your child is taught in, such as English with some French, French immersion, or a bilingual program.

    5 options · Your call · Preschool

  • Home-based and self-directed schooling

    Whether your child goes to a regular school or learns at home.

    5 options · Your call · Preschool

  • Pedagogical tradition

    The teaching approach: a mainstream curriculum, project-based learning, Montessori (child-led, hands-on) or Waldorf (arts and imagination), classical education (a structured, language- and logic-based approach), or the International Baccalaureate, an international program.

    5 options · Your call · Preschool

  • Involvement at school

    How involved each of you is with your child's school: one parent handles it, you split tasks, or both attend everything.

    3 options · Your call · School age

  • Grade expectations

    What you expect from your child's grades: top marks, their personal best, effort over results, or leaving it to them.

    4 options · Your call · School age

  • Post-secondary expectations

    What you expect your child to do after high school: university, any further training, trades, a gap year, or their own choice.

    5 options · Your call · Teen

Play, activities and enrichment

  • Free play versus organized activities

    How much of your child's time is unstructured play versus scheduled activities and lessons, from mostly free play to a full calendar.

    5 options · Your call · Preschool

  • Daily outdoor and nature time

    How much time your child spends outdoors, from incidental to a daily habit in most weather to outdoor activity as a family identity.

    4 options · Your call · Toddler

  • Sports intensity

    How serious sport becomes: not at all, just for fun, school teams, competitive clubs, or travel and elite programs.

    5 options · Your call · School age

  • Music lessons

    Whether and when your child learns an instrument: only if they ask, a trial period, required for some years, or required with enforced practice.

    4 options · Your call · School age

  • Practice and quitting

    What happens when your child wants to stop an activity: stop any time, finish the season, replace it with something else, or never quit core commitments.

    4 options · Your call · School age

  • Summers and camp

    How summers are spent: unstructured at home, day camps, specialty camps, sleepaway camp, or academics and work for teens.

    5 options · Your call · School age

Screens, phones and digital life

  • Posting the child's photos

    Whether you share photos or videos of your child online and with whom, from nothing identifiable to a private album to open posting.

    5 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • How limits are set, ages 6-12

    How you set screen rules for school-age children: fixed minutes, weekday and weekend rules, rules about content and context, or letting the child regulate.

    4 options · Your call · School age

  • Content, co-viewing and background TV

    What your child watches and whether you watch with them, including whether the TV is on in the background.

    5 options · Your call · Toddler

  • Screens as a tool (meals, cars, restaurants, meltdowns)

    Whether you use screens to get through hard moments, such as meals out, car trips or meltdowns.

    4 options · Your call · Toddler

  • Personal tablet, YouTube and short video

    Whether your child has their own tablet and what they watch, from none to a shared locked-down tablet to their own device.

    4 options · Your call · Toddler

  • Parental controls and a family media plan

    Whether you use control software and a written plan, light controls with conversation, or rely on trust and talking.

    3 options · Your call · School age

  • Acting alone or with other parents

    Whether you set phone and social media rules on your own or agree on them with other parents, a pledge or the school.

    4 options · Your call · School age

  • Monitoring messages and location

    Whether and how you check your child's messages or track their location, with their knowledge or not.

    7 options · Your call · Tween

  • AI for schoolwork

    Whether and how your child may use AI for homework, from not allowed to research help only to following the teacher's policy.

    4 options · Your call · Tween

  • Online safety, sexting and pornography

    How you talk to and protect your child about risks online, including sexting and pornography: blocking, conversation, or both.

    4 options · Your call · Tween

The teen years

  • Default autonomy stance

    Your general approach to how much your teenager decides for themselves: you decide, negotiate expanding freedom, or let them run their own domain.

    3 options · Your call · Tween

  • Dating age and rules

    When your teen may date and the rules around it, from no dating until 16 to group dating first to no fixed rules.

    4 options · Your call · Tween

  • A partner sleeping over

    Whether a teen's boyfriend or girlfriend may stay the night at your home.

    4 options · Your call · Teen

  • Cannabis, vaping and other drugs

    How you respond to the possibility that your teen tries drugs: zero tolerance, clear disapproval with honest information about harm, tolerance, or their choice.

    4 options · Your call · Teen

  • Appearance: hair, clothes, piercings, tattoos

    How much say your teen has over how they look, including permanent changes like tattoos.

    4 options · Your call · Tween

  • Friends the parents dislike

    How you respond when you do not like your teen's friends: forbid contact, limit and supervise, or voice concern and stay out of it.

    4 options · Your call · Tween

  • Teen privacy and confidential care

    How much privacy your teen has in their room, phone and health care, including time alone with a doctor.

    3 options · Your call · Tween

Money, chores and responsibility

  • Baby budget and income drop

    Planning for the cost of a baby and for any drop in income if one of you takes leave or cuts back.

    3 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Education savings

    Whether and how you save for your child's education.

    4 options · Your call · 0–6 months

  • The child's money: structure and tools

    How your child learns to handle money: free spending, save-spend-give jars, a parent-matched savings plan, or a real bank account.

    7 options · Your call · School age

  • Money transparency

    How much your child learns about family money: nothing, general values and trade-offs, the budget, or income and net worth.

    4 options · Your call · School age

  • Birthdays and gifts

    How big birthday celebrations and gifts are: family only, a few friends, the whole class or a venue, and whether you ask for no gifts.

    8 options · Your call · Toddler

  • Chore start age and enforcement

    At what age chores begin and how firmly you hold to them: from age two or three to the teens, and with routines and reminders or by invitation only.

    7 options · Your call · Toddler

  • Who pays for big items (phone, car, university)

    Who pays for large costs as your child grows: parents pay, a set contribution, matching, or the child pays.

    4 options · Your call · Teen

  • Investing lessons and inheritance

    When you teach your child about investing and how you plan to leave money: nothing until adulthood, concepts only, a small real account, helping during life, or a limited inheritance.

    6 options · Your call · Teen

Values, character and family culture

  • Manners

    How much politeness you expect and teach: modeling it, prompting ("what do you say?"), requiring it, or formal etiquette.

    4 options · Your call · Toddler

  • Gratitude, thank-you notes and tact

    How you teach thanks and kindness about gifts: modeling it, a daily gratitude habit, required thank-you notes, or honest kindness.

    6 options · Your call · Preschool

  • Swearing

    Your family's rule on swear words, from none for anyone to adults only to rules by context.

    4 options · Your call · Toddler

  • Politics and worldview

    Whether your child hears your political and moral views, several views, or none, and how you handle disagreement within the family.

    4 options · Your call · School age

  • Meaning without religion

    How you give your child a sense of meaning, awe and ethics outside religion: ethics conversations, nature and gratitude rituals, or a secular community.

    4 options · Your call · School age

  • Death, hard news and hard questions

    How you talk with your child about death, illness and frightening news: shielding them, answering simply when asked, or explaining proactively.

    3 options · Your call · Preschool

  • Bullying and friendships

    How you respond to bullying and friendship problems: coaching your child, monitoring, going to the school, or changing the setting.

    7 options · Your call · School age

  • Pets

    Whether your family has pets and who is responsible for them, from no pet to a family pet the adults care for to the child's own pet.

    4 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Family travel

    How much travel is part of family life, from waiting until children are older to easy local trips to travel as a core value.

    4 options · Your call · 6–12 months

Extended family and community

  • Rules at the grandparents' house, and when they are ignored

    What happens when grandparents follow different rules from yours about treats, screens, bedtimes or safety, and how you set boundaries.

    3 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Unsolicited advice and who manages whose family

    How you respond when relatives give advice you did not ask for, and who speaks to whose family when something needs to be said.

    4 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Grandparent childcare

    Whether grandparents provide childcare, how often, and whether it is paid or unpaid.

    4 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Where to live

    Where you choose to live in relation to family and work, including living near one set of grandparents or having relatives move closer.

    4 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Building a village

    How you build a support network beyond family: paid help, swaps with friends and neighbors, parent groups, or an intentional community.

    4 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Holidays

    How you split holidays between families: alternating years, splitting the day, hosting at home, new traditions of your own, or traveling.

    5 options · Your call · Around the birth

  • Godparents and mentors

    Whether you name other adults with a special role in your child's life, such as secular godparents or mentors, besides the legal guardian.

    3 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • When relatives hold different views

    How you handle relatives whose beliefs or values differ from yours around your child: keeping topics off the table, letting the child hear both, explaining at home, or limiting exposure.

    4 options · Your call · Preschool

Family size and siblings

  • Number of children, and when we are done

    How many children you each want and how you decide when your family is complete.

    4 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • How the family grows

    How your family might grow: biologically only, or also through adoption, fostering or fertility treatment.

    4 options · Your call · During pregnancy

  • Room sharing

    Whether siblings have their own rooms or share, and by what rule: age, gender, or choice.

    4 options · Your call · Toddler

Legal, financial and "what if" planning

Last updated 2026-10-05. General information, not medical advice.