# Overall stance: warmth and structure

**What parenting style do we want: authoritative, permissive or strict?**

Researchers describe parenting styles by two things: warmth and demands. Authoritarian is strict with little warmth, authoritative is warm with firm limits, permissive is warm with few limits. Which style you lean toward is the starting point for most discipline choices.

In short: Parents choose between 3 main approaches: Strict obedience-first (authoritarian); Warm with firm limits (authoritative); Warm with few limits (permissive). Evidence: evidence leans one way. Research or guidance points in a direction, but it's thin, small or correlational. Best settled: during pregnancy.

- Area: Parenting philosophy and goals
- Evidence: Evidence leans one way
- Best settled: During pregnancy
- First published: 2026-10-03
- Last updated: 2026-10-05
- Page: https://www.raisingyourchild.com/topics/parenting-philosophy-and-goals--overall-stance-warmth-and-structure

## Overall stance: warmth and structure: what are the options?

1. **Strict obedience-first (authoritarian)**: Parents set firm rules and expect obedience, with little explanation or negotiation.
2. **Warm with firm limits (authoritative)**: Parents are loving and responsive and also hold clear, explained rules.
3. **Warm with few limits (permissive)**: Parents are loving and responsive but set few rules or demands.

## Overall stance: warmth and structure: what does the evidence say?

**Evidence leans one way.** Research or guidance points in a direction, but it's thin, small or correlational.

Every official body endorses warmth plus consistent limits; evidence is large but correlational

Sources:

- [Pinquart 2017](https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1140839)

## What else is worth knowing?

Almost every modern approach describes itself as warm with limits, so couples rarely disagree about the label. The differences show up in how firm the limits are and how much they are explained. Where each of you sits on those two things predicts most of your later discipline choices.

## Questions to ask each other

- Which sounds closer to how you were raised: strict, warm with limits, or relaxed?
- Where do you think we would each land between being firm and being gentle?
- What would our child say about us in ten years if we got this balance right?

---

General information, not medical advice. Two parents can each answer this and compare: https://www.raisingyourchild.com/explore?cat=parenting-philosophy-and-goals&topic=parenting-philosophy-and-goals--overall-stance-warmth-and-structure